When microplastics sit at the microbiota table

Plastics were developed in the 20^th century and revolutionised the everyday lives of millions of families. But their massive production over the past 50 years has led to a critical environmental pollution.

Plastics may break down into tiny particles known as microplastics. These particles are found throughout the environment, including the food chain,which means we end up eating them. But what impact do they have on our digestive system?

To address this question, scientists from INRAE and the University of Clermont Auvergne used an original in vitro model that reproduces the environment of the human colon, the final part of the digestive tract. They studied what happens to the most widely produced plastic in the world today, polyethylene (PE). The researchers investigated the possible interactions of PE microplastics with the digestive ecosystem, including gut microbiota and gut barrier.¹

Clear findings were assessed: PE microplastics altered the gut microbiota in vitro. The effects varied depending on the individual, but a common trend emerged. The scientists noted an increase in potentially harmful bacteria and a reduction in beneficial bacteria. However, these changes did not affect the gut barrier integrity, which maintained its protective function and showed no inflammation.

These initial findings offer novel information that is crucial for understanding how exposure to microplastics impact human intestinal health. This knowledge can help scientists better evaluate the health hazards and risks related to plastics and microplastics.

¹_{The gut barrier comprises the epithelium (the skin that lines the intestine) and the mucus, which plays a key role in the protective function of the intestinal mucosa.}